Purpose: Reports of cardiac operations after TAVR are increasing. Recent data from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) suggest an exponential year-on-year increase in the United States, particularly after approval of TAVR in low-risk patients in 2019. We evaluated local trends and outcomes of cardiac surgery after TAVR using the ANZSCTS Cardiac Surgery Database. Methods: The ANZSCTS Database was queried for all patients undergoing cardiac surgery after a previously placed TAVR between Jan 2016 to Dec 2023. Results: Of 164 patients identified, 100 (61%, 100/164) underwent SAVR after TAVR and 64 (39%, 64/164) underwent non-SAVR cardiac surgery. Median age at surgery was 76.5 (IQR: 68.7, 80.8) years. Frequency of cardiac surgery after TAVR increased from 46 patients (28%, 46/164) between 2016-2019 to 118 patients (72%, 118/164) between 2020-2023, demonstrating a 156% increase. Overall 30-day mortality and stroke was 9.8% (16/164) and 6.7% (11/164), respectively. Rates of 30-day mortality and stroke was 11% (11/100) and 8% (8/100) for SAVR after TAVR, and 7.8% (5/64) and 4.8% (3/64) for non-SAVR cardiac surgery after TAVR. Emergency/rescue cardiac surgery after TAVR was performed for 28 (17%, 28/164) patients and was associated with 25% (7/28) 30-day mortality. Among patients who underwent SAVR after TAVR, 33% (33/100) required concomitant aortic root or ascending aorta repair or replacement, and 24% (24/100) had a diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Among patients who underwent non-SAVR surgery 60.9% (39/64) had coronary artery bypass grafting and 20.3% (13/64) underwent mitral and/or tricuspid valve surgery. Conclusion: In keeping with international trends, the need for cardiac surgery after TAVR, including redo SAVR after TAVR, is rapidly increasing in ANZ and is associated with high rates of early mortality. This rising frequency, technical challenges, elevated risk and impaired outcomes should inform heart team discussions particularly if TAVR is to be considered in patients with lower risk profiles.